Pidgins

A simplified language derived from two or more languages is called a pidgin. It is a contact language developed and used by people who do not share a common language in a given geographical area. It is used in a limited way and the structure is very simplistic. Since they serve a single simplistic purpose, they usually die out. However, if the pidgin is used long enough, it begins to evolve into a more rich language with a more complex structure and richer vocabulary. Once the pidgin has evolved and has acquired native speakers ( the children learn the pidgin as their first language), it is then called a Creole. An example of this is the Creole from Papua New Guinea, Tok Pisin, which has become a National language.

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“THE RAPE OF THE LOCK”---MOCK-EPIC POEM

The epic is a narrative poem of supposed divine inspiration treating of a subject of great and momentous importance for mankind, the characters of the story are partly human and partly divine, and the language and style in which the incidents are related are full of elevation and dignity. If a long narrative poem should satisfy all the tests of epic poetry, but if the subject which is celebrated be of a trivial nature, like the cutting off a lock of a woman’s hair, which is the story that is related in Pope’s “The Rape of the Lock”, then such a poem is called a mock-epic. A mock-epic poem is supposed to be the inspiration of a Muse and the language is stilted and grandiose, but the subject is of very frivolous and of commonplace nature. Mock-epic or mock-heroic or heroi-comical terms are applied to literary works in which the epic or heroic tradition is ridiculed. Characteristics of “The Rape of the Lock” as a mock-epic poem: 1. Parody: Hazlitt has call...
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Agha Shahid Ali

Agha Shahid Ali, the famous Kashmiri-American poet and self-described 'multiple exile', was undoubtedly the most accomplished english-language poet of the modern era. In many poems in The Half-Inch Himalayas , Agha Shahid Ali depicts his ancestors and ancestral objects, such as bangles, Dacca gauzes, and his parents' old home, as decaying or in the process of being destroyed. These images create a sense of loss of something that cannot be regained in the poems. Similarly, the poems "Cracked Portraits" and "Snowmen" speak of ancestors, death, and decay. The speakers in both poems both acknowledge and transcend their ancestral legacies. In the poem "Snowmen," Ali depicts his ancestors as snowmen--something that is only temporary, that melts away. "Cracked Portraits" also portrays the speaker's ancestors through objects that are temporary, the cracking, decaying family paintings. The poems, "Snowmen," "Cracked ...
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Mahabharata

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The  Mahabharata tells the story of two sets of paternal first cousins--the five sons of the deceased king Pandu  (the five Pandavas and the one hundred sons of blind King Dhritarashtra--who became bitter rivals, and opposed each other in war for possession of the ancestral Bharata kingdom with its capital in the "City of the Elephants," Hastinapura , on the Ganga river in north central India. What is dramatically interesting within this simple opposition is the large number of individual agendas the many characters pursue, and the numerous personal conflicts, ethical puzzles, subplots, and plot twists that give the story a strikingly powerful development. The five sons of Pandu were actually fathered by five Gods (sex was mortally dangerous for Pandu, because of a curse) and these heroes were assisted throughout the story by various Gods, sages, and brahmins, including the great sage Krishna Dvaipayana Vyasa (who later became the author of the epic tell...
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